Monthly Archives: January 2025

Episode 329. Lois Marshall @ 100

January 30, 2025Art Song, Behind the Iron Curtain, Canadian Singers, Forgotten Divas, Full-Figured Baroque, Great Contraltos, Gustav Mahler, Happy Birthday, In Memoriam, Lieder, Listeners' Favorites, Mezzo Madness, Music for a World in Crisis Series, Needle Drop, Richard Strauss, Schubert, Twentieth Century Music, Twentieth Century Opera, Verismo, Wolfgang Amadeus MozartAchim von Arnim, Acis and Galatea, Adalbert von Chamisso, Ah Perfido!, Anne Frank, Anthony Bernard, Anton Kuerti, Benjamin Britten, Brian Priestman, Chansons de Bilitis, Claude Debussy, Clemens Brentano, Des Knaben Wunderhorn, Eduard Grikurov, Eduardo Pedrazolli, Ernest MacMillan, Folk Songs, Franz Schubert, Frauenliebe und -leben, George Frideric Handel, George van Renesse, Giacomo Puccini, Glenn Gould, Gustav Mahler, Healey Willan, Henry Purcell, Hermann Hesse, Johann Sebastian Bach, Johannes Brahms, John Dryden, John Weldon, Joseph Haydn, Judy Loman, La Clemenza di Tito, Lois Marshall, Ludwig van Beethoven, Manuel de Falla, Maureen Forrester, Orford String Quartet, Oskar Morawetz, Ottorino Respighi, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Pierre Louÿs, Pietro Metastasio, Richard Strauss, Robert Bloom, Robert Burns, Robert Schumann, The Creation (Haydn), The Fairy Queen, Thomas Moore, Turandot, Weldon Kilburn, Welford Russell, Wilhelm Müller, Winterreise, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Yehudi Wynercountermelody

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Yesterday was the 100th birthday of the sublime Canadian singer, Lois Marshall (29 January 1925 – 19 February 1997). I was sorry to see that there were very apparently few acknowledgements of this momentous occasion. Three years ago, in a Countermelody series on Great Canadian Singers, Lois Marshall was my first subject. If you haven’t heard of her (which is entirely possible, given the vagaries of posthumous fame and reputation), you are in for an enormous treat. Possessed of a rare musical scrupulousness, an interpretive honestly, directness, and integrity, as well as a finely-honed dramatic sensibility, Lois Marshall, in a better world, would have graced the world’s operatic stages. Alas, she was stricken with polio as a child, and though she managed to gain the ability to walk, staged opera was a genre which she only rarely attempted. Yet she worked with the world’s greatest conductors, among them Toscanini, Stokowski, and Beecham, and was a recitalist celebrated the world over. This episode offers an extended yet partial glimpse of the range and variety of her artistry, and includes recordings of arias by both Purcell and Puccini (the title role of Turandot!), Bach and Beethoven, as well as a dazzling array of recital repertoire from Debussy to folk song arrangements. Fellow Canadians Maureen Forrester and Glenn Gould are also featured. I wanted very much to present a brand-new Lois Marshall episode in hono(u)r of her centennial, and I promise you that is in the works, but in the meantime, I listened early this morning to the first Lois Marshall tribute I posted and I have decided to republish it today as I continue to prepare the brand-new episode. Some of today’s material, in particular an excerpt from Oskar Morawetz’s From the Diary of Anne Frank, which Lois Marshall premiered in 1970, serves as a grim reminder of the United States’ further descent into madness and inhumanity, especially since the inauguration of King Ubu. Through the darkness, however, the glorious voice and humanity of Lois Marshall provide us with an ideal example of our better selves.

Countermelody is a podcast devoted to the glory and the power of the human voice raised in song. Singer and vocal aficionado Daniel Gundlach explores great singers of the past and present focusing in particular on those who are less well-remembered today than they should be. Daniel’s lifetime in music as a professional countertenor, pianist, vocal coach, voice teacher, and journalist yields an exciting array of anecdotes, impressions, and “inside stories.” At Countermelody’s core is the celebration of great singers of all stripes, their instruments, and the connection they make to the words they sing. By clicking on the following link (https://linktr.ee/CountermelodyPodcast) you can find the dedicated Countermelody website which contains additional content including artist photos and episode setlists. The link will also take you to Countermelody’s Patreon page, where you can pledge your monthly or yearly support at whatever level you can afford.

Episode 328. Mezzos in Extremis

January 27, 2025Art Song, Bel canto, Forgotten Divas, French Opera, Full-Figured Baroque, Great Contraltos, Happy Birthday, Lieder, Listeners' Favorites, Mezzo Madness, Music for a World in Crisis Series, Needle Drop, Richard Wagner, Twentieth Century Music, Twentieth Century Opera, Verismo, Voiceless Wonders, Wolfgang Amadeus MozartAdalbert von Chamisso, Alfonse Royer, Allen Rogers, Amilcare Ponchielli, Arrigo Boito, Benjamin Britten, Brigitte Fassbaender, Bruno Seidler-Winkler, Carlo Sabajno, Carmen, Cavalleria Rusticana, Charles Mackerras, Christophe Rousset, Cosi fan tutte, Craig Smith, Delia de Martis, Die Walküre, Dunja Vejzović, Édouard Blau, Édouard Lalo, Eugène Scribe, Eva Randová, Fedora Barbieri, Francesco Jannetti, Frauenliebe und -leben, Friedel Beckmann, Gabriela Preissová, Gaetano Donizetti, Gary Karr, George Frideric Handel, Georges Bizet, Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti, Giovanni Verga, Giulietta Simionato, Guido Menasci, Gustave Vaëz, Hartmut Höll, Henri Meilhac, Hercules, Irene Minghini-Cattaneo, Irina Arkhipova, Její pastorkyňa, Jennie Tourel, Jenůfa, Johann Sebastian Bach, Joyce DiDonato, Karl Alwin, Karl Böhm, La Gioconda, Leos Janacek, Lorenzo da Ponte, Lorraine Hunt Lieberson, Louis De Froment, Lovro von Matačić, Ludovic Halévy, Margarete Klose, Mark Ermler, Mikhail Glinka, Mitsuko Shirai, Nestor Vasil’yevich Kukol’nik, Nicolò Minato, Paula Rasmussen, Pietro Mascagni, Prosper Mérimée, Richard Wagner, Robert Schumann, Roger VIgnoles, Rosette Anday, Sarah Walker, Serse, Silvio Stampiglia, Thomas Broughton, Victor Hugo, Viorica Cortez, Vladimir Kranjčević, W.H. Auden, William Christie, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Wolfgang Sawallischcountermelody

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Right after the disastrous US election of November 2024, I published an episode entitled “Mezzos on the Verge,” which featured some of my favorite mezzos in rafter-shaking performances of “on the edge” repertoire. At the time, I had enough additional material to produce a second episode, which I have called “Mezzos in Extremis.” And what better time to present that episode than as the new regime has begun its process of dismantling democracy. The material today ranges from Mozart to Britten, Handel to Janáček, Bach to Wagner, and features performances both live and studio from exceptional singers as Fedora Barbieri, Eva Randová, Margarete Klose, Irina Arkhipova, Brigitte Fassbaender, Viorica Cortez, Giulietta Simionato, Joyce DiDonato, Jennie Tourel, Lorraine Hunt Lieberson, and Dunja Vejzović, among others. I have structured the program so that the explosive expressions of insanity, fury, and rage gradually give way to the quieter (and possibly more profound) emotions of sadness, doubt, and contrition. And because I always like to compare and contrast singers, I take great joy in presenting several pairs of contrasting singers in the same repertoire: Dunja Vejzović and Paula Rasmussen in Handel’s Serse; Giulietta Simionato and Brigitte Fassbaender as Dorabella in Così; and Fedora Barbieri and Joyce DiDonato as Dejanira in Handel’s Hercules. The episode is offered in solidarity with all those who find themselves today in extreme situations.

Episode 327. Eileen Farrell’s High Standards

January 24, 2025Broadway, Comic Relief, Crossover, Eileen Farrell, Listeners' Favorites, Music for a World in Crisis Series, Needle Drop, Singers in Old Age, Twentieth Century MusicAlec Wilder, Bill Stowe, Billy Barnes, Billy Strayhorn, David Raksin, Eileen Farrell, Greg Hyslop, Harold Arlen, Harry Stoddard, Jim Pugh, Jim Stack, Joe Negri, Joe Wilder, Johnny Mercer, Jon Thornton, Loonis McGlohon, Lorenz Hart, Marcy Klauber, Marcy Klauberg, Ned Washington, Phil Thompson, Richard Rodgers, Robert Farnon, Ted Koehler, Terry Peoples, Victor Young, William Engvick, Yip Harburgcountermelody

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It’s been a tough week all around, not just nationally and internationally, but also personally for me and my family. Because I did not have the time or energy to put out a brand-new episode today, I am presenting to you a former bonus episode first published sometime in the past couple years which features a collection of some of the finest late career recordings of pop standards that Eileen Farrell made between 1988 and 1991 arranged and music directed by Loonis McGlohon or Robert Farnon. The songs all stem from the tradition of the Great American Songbook, whether well-known or more obscure, whether originally written for Broadway shows, for Hollywood, or simply straight from Tin Pan Alley. Backed by either a small combo or an orchestra, Farrell sounds remarkably youthful and always deeply connected to the style and essence of this music, which is no surprise since she had been singing this repertoire from her earliest days and is one of the very finest all-around singers this country has ever produced.

Episode 326. Paul Robeson Unchained

January 20, 2025African American Singers, Behind the Iron Curtain, Black History Month, Broadway, Great Baritones, Listeners' Favorites, Music for a World in Crisis Series, Needle Drop, Pop Icons, Protest Songs, Queer Pride, Singers in Old Age, Singers of Color, SpiritualsAlan Booth, Alfred Hayes, Allen Lewis, Bruno Raikin, Earl Robinson, Edward C. Purcell, Folk Songs, George H. Clutsam, Jerome Kern, José Ferrer, Lawrence Brown, Oscar Hammerstein II, Othello, Paul Robeson, Protest Songs, Robert Herrick, Spirituals, Thomas Ford, Uta Hagen, William Shakespearecountermelody

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Today, Martin Luther King Day and the day of the reinauguration of King Ubu of the Divided States of America, is an appropriate time to revisit the life and legacy of the great Paul Robeson. Both great Americans, King and Robeson, were met with great resistance, incomprehension, and opposition in their day. While Dr. King is now justly celebrated with a national holiday, his legacy is often watered down by those, even right-wing extremists, that seek to attach their own agenda to his progressive legacy. Paul Robeson returned to his native country during the dark days of World War II. Shortly after the war ended, Robeson was also subject to incomprehension and oppression related to his embrace of Communism, which led to him being blacklisted and his passport being rescinded. Finally in 1958, after eight years of being hounded by the FBI, Paul Robeson finally regained the right to travel abroad. During the years of his blacklisting, he had effectively been unable to support himself. In thanks to his supporters following his emancipation, Robeson gave a celebratory concert on June 1, 1958 at his home church, Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church in Harlem. Shortly thereafter, he departed on years’ long sojourn abroad. His first stop was the Royal Albert Hall in London, where he performed on August 10, 1958, the beginning of a nationwide tour across the UK. Thereafter he visited other countries as well, including East Germany, where he was particularly celebrated and revered and where, in 1959 in an East Berlin recording studio, he made a new recording of old and new favorites with his frequent collaborator Earl Robinson. Rare selections from each of these events are featured on this episode, which is enhanced with excerpts from, and commentary by, Paul Robeson on his greatest stage success, the title role in Shakespeare’s Othello, a work which is distressingly relevant as the United States faces its greatest challenge in recent history. This episode is both a celebration of one of the greatest patriots our country has known as well as a warning of the pitfalls that await a nation that chooses to ignore or misrepresent those great Americans in lieu of hate-filled opportunists.

Episode 325. Marni Nixon Revisited

January 17, 2025Art Song, Broadway, Comic Relief, Crossover, In Memoriam, Interview, Lieder, Listeners' Favorites, Music for a World in Crisis Series, Needle Drop, Orchestral Songs, Pop Icons, Richard Strauss, Singers in Old Age, Twentieth Century MusicAaron Copland, Al Viola, Alexander Goehr, Anita Priest, Anton Webern, Armen Guzelimian, Arnold Schoenberg, Arthur Waley, Betty Ward, Brettl-Lieder, Buddy Collette, Charles Ives, Claibe Richardson, Claude Debussy, Dennis Farnon, Die tote Stadt, Don Quichotte à Dulcinée, Earl Palmer, Ed Lustgarten, Emily Dickinson, Engelbert Humperdinck, Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Ernest Gold, Felix Slatkin, Gabriel Faure, Gene Cipriano, George Gershwin, Gerald Wilson, Gerard Schümann, Hans Swarowsky, Harold Adamson, Harry Warren, Heitor Villa-Lobos, Henry Mancini, Hugo Salus, Igor Stravinsky, Ira Gershwin, Jakob Haringer, Jean Richepin, Jim Bryant, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, John Avery Lomax, John Henry Mackay, John McCabe, Johnny Green, Keith Clark, Konstantin Balmont, Leo McCarey, Leonard Bernstein, Leonard Stein, Lincoln Mayorga, Manuel Bandeira, Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Marjory McKay, Marni Nixon, Mary Poppins, Maurice Ravel, Oscar Hammerstein II, Paul Morand, Paul Verlaine, Pierre Boulez, Red Callender, Richard M. Sherman, Richard Rodgers, Richard Strauss, Robert B. Sherman, Robert Craft, Salvatore “Tutti” Camarata, South Pacific, Stefan George, Stéphane Mallarmé, Stephen Cole, Stephen Mitchell, Stephen Sondheim, Walter Schumann, West Side Storycountermelody

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Today I present to you the extraordinarily versatile, even chameleon-like singer and actor Marni Nixon (22 February 1930 – 24 July 2016), who is no doubt best-known today as the so-called “Ghostess with the Mostest.” Born into a musical family in California, she became involved from an early age with the movies, and by a marvelous set of circumstances became The Voice for a number of Hollywood actresses not known for their singing voices. Her skill in matching the vocal and speech characteristics of each of these performers is exceptional, but she was so much more than that. She pioneered the work of many 20th century giants, including Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, Charles Ives, and Anton Webern. She hosted a local Seattle children’s television program called Boomerang that netted her four Emmy Awards. She performed on opera stages and concert platforms around the world. She recorded widely, everything from Mary Poppins to Pierrot Lunaire, and in the mid-1970s was the first singer to perform and record Schoenberg’s cabaret songs, his so-called Brettl-Lieder, works that are now standard repertoire. Reminiscences of Marni are provided by my good friend Thomas Bagwell, currently a coach and conductor at The Royal Danish Opera in Copenhagen, who was a colleague and good friend of Marni Nixon’s for the last 25 years of her life. This episode features a cross-section of this stunning artist’s extensive recorded output, recorded over six decades, including repertoire from Webern to Rodgers and Hammerstein. In between we have examples of Nixon’s performances of songs by Schoenberg, Stravinsky, Debussy, Ives, Fauré and her former husband Ernest Gold; concert and song repertoire by Villa-Lobos, Boulez, Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Copland, and Gershwin; plus a few outliers, from a live performance of Korngold’s Mariettas Lied to the jazzed-up exotica of Buddy Collette’s Polynesia to Mr. Magoo’s Mother Goose Suite, not to mention a spoonful of Mary Poppins. Overall, “It’s a Jolly ‘Oliday with Marni!”

Episode 324. Margaret Price in Trauer und Trost

January 14, 2025Art Song, Bel canto, Giuseppe Verdi, Gustav Mahler, In Memoriam, Lieder, Listeners' Favorites, Margaret Price, Music for a World in Crisis Series, Needle Drop, Orchestral Songs, Richard Strauss, Schubert, Twentieth Century MusicAlban Berg, Alexander Pushkin, Claudio Abbado, Cyprien, Eduard Mörike, Enrique Granados, Felix Mendelssohn, Ferdinand Freiligrath, Fernando Periquet, Franz Liszt, Franz Schubert, Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg, Friedrich Rückert, Geoffrey Parsons, Giuseppe Verdi, Grace Williams, Graham Johnson, Gustav Mahler, Heinrich Heine, Hermann Allmers, Hermann Hesse, Hugo Wolf, Jacqueline Laidlaw, James Lockhart, Johann Wolfang von Goethe, Johannes Brahms, Katsaris, Ludwig Gotthard Kosegarten, Luigi Balestra, Margaret Price, Maria Korchinska, Maurice Ravel, Neville Marriner, Peter Altenberg, Peter Cornelius, Philip Cannon, Richard Dehmel, Richard Strauss, Robert Schumann, Sergei Rachmaninov, Thomas Dewey, Vier letzte Lieder, Wolfgang Gönnenwein, Wolfgang Sawallischcountermelody

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These days I find myself in a pensive, troubled state, very much in need of the kind of consolation that only music can provide. A number of years ago, I published a pair of episodes featuring the sublime Margaret Price performing music of mourning and consolation. Today’s episode presents an expanded and refurbished version of the second of those episodes, in a program composed entirely of art song, moving through a sequence of emotions surrounding loss. Composers include Johannes Brahms, Giuseppe Verdi, Robert Schumann, Enrique Granados, Franz Schubert, Grace Williams, Sergei Rachmaninov, Felix Mendelssohn, Philip Cannon, Hugo Wolf, Alban Berg, Maurice Ravel, Franz Liszt, Peter Cornelius, and Richard Strauss, and collaborating pianists and conductors include Claudio Abbado, Wolfgang Sawallisch, Cyprien Katsaris, Geoffrey Parsons, and Neville Marriner, as well as frequent collaborators James Lockhart and Thomas Dewey. A thorough traversal of the song repertoire by one of the supreme recitalists of the late 20th Century.

Episode 323. Baritonal Schwanengesang

January 10, 2025Art Song, Great Baritones, Lieder, Music for a World in Crisis Series, Needle Drop, Orchestral Songs, Schubert, Voiceless WondersAbram Makaroc, Alexander Kipnis, Andrzej Hiolski, Barry McDaniel, Benjamin Luxon, Bo Skovhus, Charles Panzéra, Dalton Baldwin, David Willison, Erik Werba, Erland Hagegård, Ernest Lush, Frank Bibb, Franz Schubert, Geoffrey Parsons, George London, Gerald Moore, Gerard Souzay, Hans Hotter, Heinrich Heine, Heinrich Rehkemper, Heinrich Schlusnus, Helmut Deutsch, Hermann Prey, Imogen Cooper, Irwin Gage, Jan Eyron, Jerzy Marchwiński, Johann Gabriel Seidl, Leonard Hokanson, Ludwig Rellstab, Manfred Gurlitt, Mark Reizen, Olaf Bär, Sebastian Peschko, Tom Krause, Walter Berry, Wolfgang Holzmaircountermelody

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The New Year is off to a predictably challenging start. Everywhere we look (California, Canada, New Orleans, and beyond) dreadful things are happening. I am offering in the spirit of solace and condolence a freshly refurbished and expanded bonus episode that I first published three and a half years ago as a pendant to another all-Schubert episode. This one presents all of the songs collected in the posthumously-published song collection Schwanengesang, that includes settings of poems by Ludwig Rellstab, Heinrich Heine, and Johann Gabriel Seidl. Many of Schubert’s late Seidl settings were not included in that collection but they number among Schubert’s most inspired and moving creations. I have included six of those settings at the beginning of the episode. These magnificent and transcendent songs are performed by exceptional baritones and bass-baritones in recordings spanning the course much of the twentieth century. Singers include Alexander Kipnis, Hans Hotter, Mark Reizen, Hermann Prey, Heinrich Schlusnus, Charles Panzéra, Andrzej Hiolski, Walter Berry, Benjamin Luxon, George London, Tom Krause, John Shirley-Quirk, Gérard Souzay [of course!], Heinrich Rehkemper, and many others. May these singers, voicing the divine utterances of Franz Schubert, provide a certain respite for those that are currently suffering.

Episode 322. Margaret Marshall Sings Mozart

January 5, 2025Art Song, Great Tenors, Happy Birthday, Listeners' Favorites, Mezzo Madness, Music for a World in Crisis Series, Needle Drop, Orchestral Songs, Rescue Mission, Wolfgang Amadeus MozartAnn Murray, Carlo Goldoni, Christian Felix Weisse, Cosi fan tutte, Exsultate jubilate, Francisco Araiza, Friedemann Layer, Gabriele von Baumberg, George Guest, Gianbattisto Varesco, Giuseppe Petrosellini, Günter Kehr, Günter Wand, Hanns-Martin Schneidt, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, John Fraser, La finta giardiniera, Le nozze di Figaro, Leopold Hager, Lorenzo da Ponte, Margaret Marshall, Neville Marriner, Pietro Metastasio, Rainieri de’ Calzabigi, Ralf Weikert, Riccardo Muti, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozartcountermelody

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Yesterday was the birthday of Countermelody favorite, the ravishing Scottish soprano Margaret Marshall. What better way to kick off Season Six of the podcast than with this tribute to Margaret. The more I listen to her, the more clearly I see her direct link with other great singers of the past, primarily Gundula Janowitz, Margaret Price, and Lisa Della Casa. The same coolness of timbre on the surface that barely conceals the beating heart underneath. The same impeccable musicianship and vocal flexibility (in fact, she more or less exceeds all three of her predecessors in that regard!) And the same affinity with the music of Mozart. I am not always the most passionate fan of Mozart, but lately I have been in just the mood for his music. So as I was doing my own private celebration of Margaret’s birthday earlier this week, listening to favorites among her many recordings, I kept finding myself choosing her singing music of Mozart. I have put together today’s program using selections from Mozart’s early church music and oratorios; Lieder; concert arias; and opera arias. These selections cover twenty of the glory years of her career, from 1975 through 1995, and consistently display those qualities described above that made her one of the finest Mozart singers of the late twentieth century. Raise a glass to the Scottish songbird as you revel in these marvelous studio and live performances!

Episode 321. Anna Moffo und die leichte Muse

January 2, 2025Broadway, Crossover, Great Tenors, Listeners' Favorites, Needle Drop, Operetta, Pop IconsAdrian Ross, Alfred Grünwald, Anna Moffo, Antonio Amurri, Bela Jenbach, Bert Grund, Berto Pisano, Billy Smith, Butter Sweet, Camillo Walzel, Carl Haffner, Die Csárdásfürstin, Die Dubarry, Die Fledermaus, Die lustige Witwe, Dudley Glass, Earl K. Brent, Edvard Grieg, Emmerich Kálmán, Ennio Morricone, Erich Werner, Franco Pisano, Frau Luna, Friedrich Zell, George Forrest, George Gershwin, Gianni Ferrio, Gino Marinacci, Gino Paoli, Giuseppe Conte, Gräfin Mariza, Gus Kahn, Hagen Galaitis, Hans Carste, Heinrich Bolten-Baeckers, Henri Meilhac, Henri René, Ira Gershwin, Irving Berlin, Jerome Kern Show Boat, Johann Strauss II, Julius Brammer, Karl Millöcker, Lehman Engel, Leo Stein, Lesley Storm, Livio Cervellieri, Ludovic Halévy, Mario Lanfranchi, Nacio Herb Brown, Noël Coward, Oklahoma!, One Night of Love, Oscar Hammerstein II, Otto Harbach, Paganini, Paul Knepler, Paul Lincke, Peter Cornehlsen, Piero Umiliani, René Kollo, Richard Genée, Richard Rodgers, Rida Johnson Young, Robert Merrill, Robert Weight, Rudolf Schock, Sergio Bardotti, Sergio Conti, Sergio Franchi, Sigmund Romberg, Skitch Henderson, Song of Norway, Stanley Grover, The Desert Song, The Kissing Bandit, The Merry Widow, Theo Mackeben, Thomas Fulton, Victor Léon, Victor Scherzinger, Werner Eisbrennercountermelody

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Today’s episode, “Anna Moffo und die leichte Muse,” continues the delicious theme of opera singers “letting down their hair” begun with “Hadley in Wien,” and it also forms a complement and a supplement to the “Anna Moffo Reappraised” episode that I published exactly two years ago. Anna Moffo’s recording career divides into three separate eras and markets: Italy in the late 1950s and early 1960s; which overlapped with the US in the 1960s; and finally Germany in the 1970s and beyond. Each of these eras in the Moffo career was represented on disc in different ways: jazz arrangements of standards from the Great American Songbook in her earliest (and rarest) Italian recordings, followed by breathy Italian pop songs (some even composed by Moffo herself); early twentieth century Broadway operettas and MGM movie musicals in the US when her voice was at its peak; and Viennese operetta for the German-speaking market, as her vocal instrument became more fragile, while it still represented her finest work of that period. Each of these eras and genres is thoroughly explored in this episode. She is partnered in all of this repertoire by some impressive co-stars: Sergio Franchi, René Kollo, Rudolf Schock, and Robert Merrill as duet partners, with musical direction by Ennio Morricone, Henri René, Lehman Engel, and Skitch Henderson. Recordings range from 1960 through 1983, with the vast majority coming from the 1960s. In spite of the vocal and technical frailty displayed in the later recordings, Moffo’s ability to communicate in this repertoire never flagged. And of course throughout her entire career, no singer so consistently presented a more striking image of vocal and physical glamour than did Anna Moffo.